Dab tsi yog qhov kev kuaj tawm ib nrab hauv transformer?

1. Qhov Kev Tso Tawm Ib Nrab (PD) yog dab tsi?

Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov kev sim, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab qhov tshwm sim nws pom.

Lus Txhais: Ib nrab Discharge yog ib qho hluav taws xob tso tawm hauv ib cheeb tsam uas tsuas yog ib feem txuas cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov conductors. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov voids (cov hnab ris roj) hauv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating sib txawv, lossis hauv npuas hauv cov kua rwb thaiv tsev (roj).

Qhov teeb meem nws ua rau: Txawm hais tias txhua tus neeg PD yog lub txim me me, nws ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev dhau sijhawm. Lub zog los ntawm cov paug tawm no rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom siv insulating (daim ntawv, roj, resin) los ntawm:

Thermal Stress: Kub los ntawm lub txim.

Chemical Degradation: Ua ozone thiab nitrous acids (hauv huab cua) lossis hydrogen thiab methane (hauv roj).

Physical Erosion: Cia li hlawv cov qhov me me hauv cov khoom.
Qhov no qeeb, kev puas tsuaj zuj zus zuj zus ntxiv rau cov rwb thaiv tsev kom tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo (kev puas tsuaj) thiab kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

2. Vim li cas PD Test thiaj tseem ceeb?

Thaum Ntxov Kev Tshawb Fawb: Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas rhiab tshaj plaws txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam nws

Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj loj: Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis muaj zog thaum ntxov, kev saib xyuas lossis kho tuaj yeem raug teem caij ua haujlwm, zam kev tsis tau npaj txhij, kho kim, thiab muaj peev xwm muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Kev lees paub zoo: Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hloov pauv tshiab ua ntej lawv tawm hauv lub Hoobkas, xyuas kom lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj kev tsim khoom loj.

Kev ntsuas qhov xwm txheej thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm: Rau cov tshuab hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw, kev kuaj PD raws sijhawm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob -raws li kev pab cuam, pab txiav txim siab txog lub neej tshuav thiab xav tau kev ua cov roj lossis ziab- tawm.

3. Qhov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ib Nrab Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?

Qhov kev sim no yog ua los ntawm kev siv qhov hluav taws xob siab dua li lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob ib txwm ua haujlwm rau nws cov windings, tab sis qis dua nws lub zog - zaus tiv thaiv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj uas twb muaj lawm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tshiab.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias thaum PD tshwm sim, nws tsim peb qhov xwm txheej ntsuas yuav luag ib txhij:

Hluav taws xob Pulses: Ib qho ceev heev, me me -pulse tam sim no (nanoseconds rau microseconds) ntws hauv qhov ntsuas ntsuas.

Electromagnetic Waves: Pulse emits electromagnetic zog, nrog rau cov xov tooj cua zaus (RF) signals.

Acoustic Waves: Lub txim me me tsim ib qho ultrasonic "nias" lossis suab nthwv dej hauv lub tank transformer.

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj xws li:

Lub Siab -Voltage Source: Kom ua kom lub zog hloov pauv.

Coupling Capacitor: Muab qhov qis -impedance txoj kev rau PD pulses yuav tsum ntsuas.

PD Detector/Measurement System: Ib qho cuab yeej ntse uas ntes, lim, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov pulses.

Sensors: Cov no tuaj yeem yog:

Hluav taws xob Sensors: Ntsuas cov pulses tam sim no ncaj qha.

Siab -Frequency Current Transformers (HFCT): Clamped nyob ib ncig ntawm kev sib txuas hauv av kom khaws cov cim RF.

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Sensors: Kav hlau txais xov tso rau hauv lub transformer (los ntawm cov roj li qub) los yog sab nraud los xyuas cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo hauv GHz. Qhov no yog qhov nrov heev vim nws tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob sab nraud.

Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensors: Microphones muab tso rau sab nraud ntawm lub tank transformer kom "mloog" rau lub suab ultrasonic ntawm PD. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nrhiav qhov chaw ntawm PD.

4. Kev ntsuas tseem ceeb thiab kev txhais lus

Lub PD ntes tsis yog tsuas yog kuaj pom muaj qhov tso tawm; nws quantifies nws nrog ntau yam tseem ceeb parameter:

Kev Them Nqi (q): Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws tau nthuav tawm hauv PicoCoulombs (pC). Txij li thaum qhov tso tawm tiag tiag yog nyob rau hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas ncaj qha, "pom meej them" yog qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm tus nqi uas, yog tias txhaj tshuaj tam sim ntawd ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li PD sab hauv. Cov nqi qis dua yog qhov zoo dua.

PD Inception Voltage (PDIV): Qhov voltage ntawm PDs thawj zaug pib tshwm sim thaum qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau nce.

PD Extinction Voltage (PDEV): Qhov voltage uas PDs tso tseg raws li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob qis.

Kev txhais lus: Cov kws ua haujlwm tsis yog nrhiav pom PD; lawv txheeb xyuas tus qauv, qhov loj (hauv pC), thiab theem kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pulses. Muaj ntau hom kev tsis xws luag (voids, deg tawm, floating Cheebtsam) tsim tshwj xeeb "ntiv tes" ntawm voltage waveform.

Standards thiab txais tau txwv

Cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (xws li IEC 60270) txhais cov txheej txheem xeem thiab qib PD uas tau txais. Rau ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab, qhov kev lees paub raug cai yog tias qib PD, raws li qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntsuas, yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ****

100 pC rau 500 pC

, nrog 100 pC yog ib qho kev txwv thiab nruj heev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab -voltage. Rau cov transformers hauv kev pabcuam, qib siab dua yuav raug zam nrog kev npaj rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev cuam tshuam.