Cov pa tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab cov cuab yeej kuaj hauv cov chaw kuaj tshuaj

1. pH Meter, Conductivity Meter

Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom ionic thiab purity ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous.

Cov khoom kuaj: Acidity / alkalinity (pH tus nqi), tag nrho cov khoom tawg (TDS), salinity, thiab kev coj ua tshwj xeeb.

2. Melting Point Meter, Boiling Point Measuring Device

Lub Hom Phiaj: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom thiab ntsuas qhov purity raws li theem kev hloov pauv kub.

Cov khoom kuaj: Melting point range, boiling point range, and distillation range.

3. Viscometer, Densitometer

Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov dej ntws thiab huab hwm coj - mus rau - ntim piv, tseem ceeb rau kev tswj kom zoo hauv cov kua.

Cov khoom xeem: Dynamic / kinematic viscosity, ntom ntom, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb, thiab API gravity.

4. Moisture Analyzer (Karl Fischer)

Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau ua qhov tseeb, tshwj xeeb kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom uas dej degrades zoo.

Cov khoom kuaj: Txheeb xyuas cov dej noo (ppm qib) thiab feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntsiab lus dej.

5. Turbidity Meter, Refractometer

Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau ntsuas qhov pom tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem.

Cov khoom xeem: Turbidity (NTU units), refractive index, thiab tag nrho soluble solids (Brix tus nqi).

6. Gas Chromatography (GC), Siab -Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Lub hom phiaj: Txhawm rau cais, txheeb xyuas, thiab ntsuas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Cov khoom kuaj: Kev soj ntsuam huv huv, kuaj cov kuab tshuaj seem, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom xyaw nquag, thiab cov khoom tsis huv.

7. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer

Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau ntsuas lub teeb haum rau kev tsom xam ntau ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj chromophores.

Cov khoom kuaj: Kev txiav txim siab siab, kev ntsuas lub voj voog, thiab kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.

8. Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR)

Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv molecular; ua haujlwm ua "tus ntiv tes" rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv.

Cov khoom xeem: Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv, kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv polymer, kev soj ntsuam kev sib kis, thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov qauv tshuaj.

9. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) / Ion Chromatography (IC)

Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau ua qhov kev tsom xam thiab ionic speciation.

Cov khoom xeem: AAS: Kev soj ntsuam cov hlau (xws li cov hlau lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic). IC: Anion tsom xam (chloride, sulfate, nitrate) thiab cation tsom xam (sodium, potassium, ammonium).